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为进一步建立和完善简易高效的小麦×玉米杂交诱导小麦单倍体技术,以2个小麦杂种F1和2个玉米品种为材料,对小麦×玉米杂交中杂交穗割穗离体培养与田间自然生长的单倍体胚诱导效果、授粉后不同割穗时间和不同培养液配方对得胚率的影响进行了研究。结果表明,杂交穗离体培养的得胚率比田间自然生长高2倍,两者的得胚率分别为31.6%和9.6%;割穗培养的最佳时期为授粉后24 h;不同的穗培养液配方对颖果结实率和得胚率均有明显影响,在培养基中添加磷酸二氢钾有利于提高颖果结实率和得胚率。因此,小麦×玉米杂交后24 h割穗,杂交穗在含有100 mg/L 2,4-D,40 g/L蔗糖,10 mg/L硝酸银,8 mL/L亚硫酸和3 g/L磷酸二氢钾的培养液中培养,单倍体胚诱导效果最好。
In order to further establish and improve the simple and efficient wheat haploid induction by crossing wheat × maize, two wheat hybrids F1 and 2 maize varieties were used to study the hybridization between wheat × corn cross in vitro culture and natural growth The induction effect of haploid embryos, different cutting time after pollination and different culture medium formula on embryo rate were studied. The results showed that the embryogenic rate of hybrid in vitro culture was 2 times higher than that in field, the embryo rates of the two were 31.6% and 9.6%, respectively. The optimum period of cutting culture was 24 h after pollination. The medium of culture medium had a significant effect on the seed setting rate and embryo rate of embryo. Adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the medium could improve the seed setting rate and embryo rate. Therefore, 24 h post-hybridization of wheat × maize cuttings, the hybrid spikes in 100 mg / L 2,4-D, 40 g / L sucrose, 10 mg / L silver nitrate, 8 mL / L sulfurous acid and 3 g / L KH2PO4 culture medium, the haploid embryo induction best.