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介绍了棒管料低应力精密下料工艺的原理及设备结构,为分析不同加工方法预制的V型槽对低应力精密下料工艺的影响,分别采用车削、铣削和激光3种开槽方法在304不锈钢厚壁无缝管上预制了相同深度的V型槽,并在低应力下料设备上开展了下料试验,得到了对应于不同开槽方法的下料时间和断面质量。试验结果表明:下料效率方面,铣削>车削>激光;断面质量方面,激光>车削>铣削。通过扫描电子显微镜对3种V型槽底部进行观察,获得了不同开槽方法下V型槽底部的表面形貌,揭示了V型槽的表面质量和热影响区对低应力下料过程中初始裂纹萌生的影响,分析了不同开槽方法时下料断面上撕裂区的产生原因。试验结果对低应力精密下料工艺开槽方法的选择具有参考价值。
In this paper, the principle and equipment structure of low stress precision blanking process for rod and tube material are introduced. In order to analyze the influence of different pretreatment V-grooves on low-stress precision blanking process, three methods of cutting, milling and laser 304 stainless steel thick-walled seamless pipe prefabricated the same depth of the V-groove, and in the low-stress cutting equipment under the blanking test carried out, obtained corresponding to different slotting method of cutting time and section quality. The test results show that: cutting efficiency, milling> turning> laser; section quality, laser> turning> milling. The bottom of the V-groove was observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) to obtain the topography of the bottom of the V-groove under different grooving methods. The surface quality of the V-groove and the initial heat-affected zone Crack initiation, analysis of different slotting method when the feed section of the tear zone causes. The test results have reference value for the selection of slotting method of low stress precision blanking process.