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棉花是耐干旱和耐盐碱的经济作物。随着土壤的盐碱化和干旱化,在人口数量和植棉成本剧增的背景下,我国黄河流域和长江流域棉花种植面积锐减,棉花种植被迫向滨海盐碱地和内陆及西北干旱地区转移。本文于2013年和2014年在山东东营滨海盐碱地和河北枣强半干旱轻度盐碱地以非转基因棉(‘中棉所49’)为对照,以转Bt基因棉(‘中棉所79’)为试验材料,分别作施农药和不施农药处理,于每年5月初到9月中旬,调查取样点棉株及地面上害虫及其天敌的种类和数量,并分析不同施药处理下转基因和非转基因棉田昆虫群落的生物多样性参数差异。结果表明,施药和不施药转Bt基因棉田昆虫群落和害虫亚群落昆虫的个体总数均低于非转基因棉田,其中昆虫群落和害虫亚群落个体数在二者之间差异显著;转Bt基因棉田昆虫群落和害虫亚群落昆虫的多样性指数和均匀度指数均高于非转基因棉田,而优势集中性指数均低于非转基因棉田,但差异均不显著。施药条件下两种棉田的昆虫群落和害虫亚群落昆虫个体总数、多样性指数和均匀度指数均低于不施药棉田,优势集中性指数均高于不施药棉田,但转基因棉田和非转基因棉田之间无显著差异。表明转基因抗虫棉在盐碱旱地对棉田靶标害虫具有较好的控制作用,棉田昆虫群落稳定性较高,昆虫群落对外界的入侵和干扰缓冲能力强,而化学农药的使用对昆虫群落杀伤力较大,容易导致某种昆虫的抗性产生和昆虫群落的不稳定,但比非盐碱旱地棉田昆虫群落生物多样性低,棉田生态系统更简单。
Cotton is a drought-tolerant and salt-tolerant cash crop. With the salinization and aridification of soils, under the background of dramatic increase in population and cotton cost, cotton acreage in the Yellow River and Yangtze River valleys in China dropped sharply, cotton planting was forced to the coastal saline-alkali land and inland and arid areas in northwestern China Transfer. In this paper, in 2013 and 2014, Bt cotton (’Zhongmianshu 79’) was treated with non-transgenic cotton (’Zhongmianshu 49’) in the semi-arid and mild saline-alkali land in Dongying, Shandong Province and Zaoqiang, Hebei The test materials were treated with pesticides and no pesticides, respectively. From the beginning of May to the middle of September each year, the types and quantities of cotton plants and pests and their natural enemies on the ground were investigated, and the effects of different transgenic and non-transgenic Differences of Biodiversity Parameters of Insect Communities in Cotton Field. The results showed that the total number of individual insects and pest insects in Bt transgenic cotton fields was lower than that in non-transgenic cotton fields, and the number of insect communities and pest sub-communities was significantly different between the two groups. The transgenic Bt gene The diversity index and evenness index of insect community and pest sub-community insects in cotton field were higher than that in non-transgenic cotton field, but the dominant concentration index was lower than non-transgenic cotton field, but the difference was not significant. Under application conditions, the total number of insect individuals, diversity index and evenness index of insect community and pest sub-community in two cotton fields were lower than that in non-application cotton field, and the dominant concentration index was higher than that in non-application cotton field. However, There was no significant difference between transgenic cotton fields. The results showed that the transgenic insect-resistant cotton had better control effects on the target pests in cotton fields in saline-alkali dry land. Insect communities in the cotton fields had higher stability. Insect communities had strong invasion and interference buffering ability to the outside world. However, Larger, easily lead to the resistance of some insects and insect community instability, but non-saline-alkali dry cotton fields insect community biodiversity is low, cotton ecosystem easier.