“合理利己主义”鼓励人们追求个人利益,但这要建立在不损害他人和社会利益的基础上。该理论强调个人与社会、他人相统一的利益,通常会与合理利己的概念相混淆。因此,本文从唯物史观的基本理论和方法出发,辨析合理利己和“合理利己主义”伦理思想,得出合理利己和“合理利己主义”两个概念的根本区别以及后者的不合理性。 “Rational egoism” encourages people to pursue their personal interests, but this should be based on not damaging the interests of others and society. The theory emphasizes the interests of the individual and society, the unity of others, usually confused with the concept of reasonable self-interest. Therefore, starting from the basic theories and methods of historical materialism, this paper analyzes the fundamental differences between rational self-interest and “reasonable egoism ” ethics and draws the fundamental distinction between rational self-interest and “rational egoism ” and the latter’s Irrationality.