苏联对外政策的决策一直是严格保密的。苏联党、政、军、警各自在其中占有何种地位,发挥何种作用,维持何种关系,尤其是苏共中央国际部在其中扮演何种角色,更加鲜为人知。有的学者认为:苏共中央国际部掌握着苏联对外政策的决定权,外交部只是执行决定的行政机构。也有的学者认为:苏联外交部在对外事务中具有特殊地位,直接向苏共中央政治局负责。还有的学者在访问了前苏联外交官以后认为:苏共中央国际部与政府系统的外交部既有权力竞争,也有互相合作,是一种“竞合关系”。随着俄罗斯政府逐步公开前苏联的秘密档案,研究者才逐 The Soviet foreign policy decision has always been strictly confidential. What role the Soviet Party, government, army and police occupy, what role they play and what kind of relationship they maintain, especially the role played by the International Department of the Central Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the process of becoming more and more unknown. Some scholars think: The International Department of the Central Committee of the CPSU holds the power to make decisions on the foreign policy of the Soviet Union. The Foreign Ministry is only the executive organ that executes the decision. Some scholars also think: The Foreign Ministry of the Soviet Union has a special position in foreign affairs and is directly responsible to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU. Some scholars also interviewed diplomats from the former Soviet Union and thought: It is a kind of “co-opetitive relationship.” Both the international department of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the government system have the power to compete as well as cooperate with each other. As the Russian government gradually publicized the secrets of the former Soviet Union, researchers went by