论文部分内容阅读
人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)是一类能够感染皮肤和黏膜的DNA病毒.到目前为止,已有100多个已知的HPV型别,其中至少有13个型别可以引起宫颈癌,而且与其他生殖器癌和头颈部肿瘤相关,这些型别被称为“高危型”.两个最常见的高危型是HPV16和HPV18,可以引起大约70%左右的宫颈癌.HPV(尤其是HPV6和HPV11)还可以引起生殖器疣,这是一种外生殖器很常见的良性病变,发生率很高.HPV感染是高度传染的,尤其在性生活刚开始的时候,传染性最高.大部分人都会在他们一生的某个时间感染HPV.除了HPV感染以外,引起宫颈癌发生的因素主要还有免疫抑制、多胎生育、初次分娩年龄小、吸烟、长期使用激素类避孕药以及合并感染沙眼衣原体或单纯疱疹病毒等.HPV疫苗来自于病毒样颗粒(virus-like particles,VLPs),通过重组技术来制作完成.它们不含有任何活的生物制品或DNA,因此没有传染性.2006年,美国默克公司生产的四价疫苗(包含有HPV6,11,16和18的VLP)首先获得美国FDA颁发的营业执照;随后,英国葛兰素公司生产的二价疫苗(只包含有HPV16和18的VLP)也在全球许多国家获得营业执照.这些疫苗主要是为了保护人群不感染疫苗中包括的HPV型别及发生相关的疾病,但对于已经感染的人群,疫苗没有任何治疗作用.疫苗在几乎所有被接种的人群中都可以诱导很高的血清抗体水平,而且耐受性很好.疫苗接种组在注射部位发生的副作用比对照组常见,但严重副作用(serious adverse event,SAE)的发生率并不明显高于对照组
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a type of DNA virus that can infect the skin and mucous membranes, and so far there are more than 100 known HPV types, of which at least 13 can cause cervical cancer, And are associated with other genital cancers and head and neck cancers, these types are called “high-risk.” The two most common high-risk types are HPV16 and HPV18, which cause about 70% of cervical cancers.HPV (especially Is HPV6 and HPV11) can also cause genital warts, which is a very common benign disease of the genitalia, a high incidence of HPV infection is highly contagious, especially in the beginning of sexual life, the most infectious most of People at some point in their lives are infected with HPV. In addition to HPV infection, other causes of cervical cancer include immunosuppression, multiple births, small births, smoking, long-term use of hormonal contraceptives, and co-infection with C. trachomatis Or herpes simplex virus, etc. The HPV vaccine is derived from virus-like particles (VLPs) and is made by recombinant techniques, and they do not contain any living biological products or DNA and are therefore not contagious.20 In 2006, the four-valent vaccine (including the VLPs of HPV6, HPV16, HPV16, HPV16, and HPV18) produced by the Merck Company in the United States first obtained the business license issued by the U.S. FDA. Subsequently, the bivalent vaccine produced by GSK VLPs of HPV16 and HPV18 are also licensed in many countries around the world and these vaccines are primarily intended to protect the population from HPV types and related diseases not included in the vaccine but have no therapeutic effect on those already infected. Vaccines induced high serum antibody levels in almost all vaccinated populations and were well tolerated.The side effects of the vaccinated group at the injection site were more common than those in the control group but the serious adverse event (SAE) The incidence was not significantly higher than the control group