目的　研究心脑血管病的主要危险因素在脑卒中患者中的分布情况。方法　分析上海市静安区 1996～ 2 0 0 0年内监测人群中脑卒中患者的主要危险因素状况。使用非条件Logistc回归分析比较这些危险因素对缺血性与出血性脑卒中的作用。结果　在影响脑卒中患者的 6项危险因素中 ,以高血压比例最高 (74 .9% ) ,其余为心脏病(30 .5 % )、高血脂 (2 4 .2 % )、脑卒中史 (2 2 .0 % )、糖尿病 (15 .5 % )、短暂性脑缺血发作 (TIA)史 (8.9% )。年龄 (OR =1.0 94 ,P <0 .0 5 )及糖尿病 (OR =1.75 4 ,P <0 .0 5 ) 对缺血性脑卒中的危险较出血性脑卒中显著。脑卒中患者累计患有 0～ 6项危险因素的百分比依次为 16 .7%、30 .0 %、2 7.8%、15 .9%、5 .6 %、3.1%、0 .8%。结论　脑卒中史、高血压、TIA史、心脏病、高血脂为缺血性与出血性脑卒中的共同危险因素。年龄及糖尿病对缺血性脑卒中的危险较出血性脑卒中显著 Objective To study the distribution of major risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in stroke patients. Methods The main risk factors of stroke in the monitoring population in Jing’an District of Shanghai from 1996 to 2000 were analyzed. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to compare the effects of these risk factors on ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Results Among the 6 risk factors affecting stroke patients, the highest rate of hypertension was (74.9%) and the rest were heart disease (30.5%), hyperlipemia (24.2%), stroke history 22.0%), diabetes mellitus (15.5%), and a history of transient ischemic attack (TIA) (8.9%). Age (OR = 1.094, P <0.05) and diabetes (OR = 1.754, P <0.05) had a greater risk of ischemic stroke than hemorrhagic stroke. The cumulative percentage of 0 to 6 risk factors for stroke patients was 16.7%, 30.0%, 2 7.8%, 15.9%, 5.6%, 3.1% and 0.8%, respectively. Conclusion Stroke history, hypertension, TIA history, heart disease, hyperlipidemia are common risk factors for ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Age and diabetes risk of ischemic stroke than bleeding hemorrhagic stroke significantly