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目的掌握云南高原山区血吸虫病流行区居民接触水体和参加劳动情况,为制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法选择云南省鹤庆县金墩乡高原峡谷型血吸虫病流行区西甸和磨光2个行政村作为调查试区,对6~65岁居民采用随机抽样的方法开展问卷调查,了解居民是否接触水体、接触水体原因、参加劳动情况。问卷后,对调查对象采用间接血凝试验(IHA)进行检查,了解其血吸虫感染情况。结果接触过水体和没有接触过水体的人数占调查总人数的比例分别为88.35%和11.65%,灌溉和游泳玩耍是居民接触水体的主要原因。因游泳玩耍、洗澡、灌溉、洗手和其他原因接触水体的居民中有血吸虫病病史的人数比例分别为1.16%、0、30.80%、3.85%、0,差异有统计学意义(χ2=38.96,P<0.01);因上述原因接触水体的居民中本次IHA阳性的居民比例分别为18.60%、0、37.60%、23.08%、0,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.61,P<0.05)。居民中没有参加劳动、每周劳动<5次、每周劳动≥5次、没有回答人数占调查人数的比例分别为39.81%、16.50%、43.20%、0.49%,有血吸虫病病史的人数比例分别为13.41%、19.12%、31.46%、0,差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.17,P<0.01);IHA阳性的人数比例分别为19.51%、38.24%、35.96%、50.00%,差异亦有统计学意义(χ2=14.21,P<0.01)。结论生产性劳动是血吸虫感染的主要途径,改变人们的接触水体行为和劳动方式对有效控制血吸虫病传播有重要意义。
Objective To understand the residents’ contact with water and participation in labor in the area endemic to schistosomiasis endemic areas in Yunnan Plateau, and to provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods Two villages, Xidian and Guanglou, in the endemic area of Jindun Township, Heping County, Heqing County, Yunnan Province, were chosen as the investigation area. Random sampling was conducted among residents aged 6 ~ 65 years to find out whether the residents contacted Water body, reasons for contact with water, participation in labor conditions. After the questionnaire, the subjects were examined by indirect hemagglutination test (IHA) to understand the situation of schistosomiasis. Results The proportion of people who contacted or not contacted with water was 88.35% and 11.65% respectively. Irrigation and swimming were the main reasons for residents to contact with water. The proportions of the residents with schistosomiasis history who were swimming, playing, irrigating, hand washing and other reasons were 1.16%, 0,30.80%, 3.85%, 0, respectively, with significant difference (χ2 = 38.96, P <0.01). Among the residents contacted by water bodies, the proportion of IHA-positive residents was 18.60%, 0,37.60% and 23.08% respectively, which was statistically significant (χ2 = 12.61, P <0.05). Residents did not participate in labor, work <5 times a week, work more than 5 times a week, the number of respondents did not answer the survey were 39.81%, 16.50%, 43.20%, 0.49%, the proportion of the number of people with a history of schistosomiasis The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 17.17, P <0.01). The proportion of IHA-positive patients was 19.51%, 38.24%, 35.96% and 50.00%, respectively, with statistical differences Significance (χ2 = 14.21, P <0.01). Conclusions Productive labor is the main way of schistosomiasis infection. It is of great significance to change people’s behavior of contacting with water and working methods to effectively control the spread of schistosomiasis.