Natural products isolated from microbes have served as a prolific source of human, animal, and agricultural drugs. In 1928, Fleming discovered penicillin from Penicillium notatum, which began the microbial drug era. Later, the soil microbiologist Waksman developed a screening process that led to the discovery of streptomycin and other antibiotics from actinomycetes. Such traditional isolation methods have provided most of the antibiotics used today, but frequently lead to high-rediscovery rates of known compounds [1].