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哮喘是以可逆性气道阻塞和气道炎症反应为典型特征。慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)是以气流受限不完全可逆,呈进行性发展的肺部的异常炎症反应为典型特征。如果哮喘得不到良好的控制,后期会发展成为COPD。由于两种疾病的病理进程的连贯性,所以它们的治疗用药具有相似性。当前两种疾病的治疗药物主要有:呼吸道舒张药、抗炎药、炎性介质拮抗剂、免疫治疗药物等。本文对上述药物的药理作用机制、不良反应、最新研发情况等方面进行了探讨,以期指导这两种疾病的临床合理用药,进而获得最佳的治疗效果。
Asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction and airway inflammation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by an abnormal inflammatory response in the lungs where gas flow is not fully reversible and progressively progressed. If asthma is not well controlled, later development will be COPD. Due to the consistency of the pathological processes of both diseases, their therapeutic regimens are similar. The current treatment of the two diseases are mainly: respiratory diastolic drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, inflammatory mediators, immunotherapy drugs. In this paper, the pharmacological mechanism of the above drugs, adverse reactions, the latest research and development and other aspects were discussed in order to guide the clinical rational use of these two diseases, and then get the best treatment.