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“无正本提单放货”纠纷案件近年来在海事法院收审案件中所占的比例居高不下,“无正本提单放货”行为的法律属性也已逐渐成为案件当事人争议的焦点、海商法学界的前沿热点以及各海事法院审理工作中的难点。“无正本提单放货”行为往往会因为行为人的不同、相对人的不同以及促成行为主、客观条件的不同构成不同的法律要素和关系。因此,在以提单为运输单证的海上货物运输关系中,一方面由于传统的海商法倾向于保护承运人的利益。另一方面,国际贸易和海运发展使得海上货物运输关系更加多层次化和复杂化。合法持单人在无正本提单放货法律关系中的诉讼权、对承运人及其代理无正本提单放货后索赔的选择权行使等问题,会因不同的责任主张产生不同的法律后果。本文对“无正本提单放货”行为的法律性质、责任归属和免责例外等问题进行探讨。
“No original bill of lading delivery” dispute cases in recent years, the proportion of cases admitted in the maritime court high, “no original bill of lading” legal attribute has gradually become the focus of the parties to the case controversy, the maritime legal profession Frontier hot spots and difficulties encountered by various maritime courts. “There is no original bill of lading delivery” behavior often because of the different actors, the relative differences and promote the behavior of the Lord, the different objective conditions constitute different legal elements and relationships. Therefore, on the one hand, the traditional maritime law tends to protect the interests of carriers in the relationship of carriage of goods by sea with bills of lading as transport documents. On the other hand, the development of international trade and maritime transport makes the maritime transport of goods more multi-layered and complicated. Legitimate holders of litigation rights in the absence of legal relations with the original bill of lading, the carrier and its agents without the original bill of lading after the release of the option to exercise the right to choose and so on, due to different liability claims have different legal consequences. This article discusses the legal nature of “no original bill of lading delivery” behavior, liability attribution and exemption exceptions and other issues to be explored.