细胞是一个复杂的有机体,包涵了众多细胞器、细胞表面的受体、各种离子通道等,在真核生物中具有极其复杂的细胞核内的物质与结构。这些复杂的细胞结构通过细胞表面与细胞核内的受体、信号转导途径等实现对刺激信号的吸收并根据不同的微环境做出相应的应答。作为一种刺激信号,药物也能够在不同的微环境及病理状态下通过不同的作用靶点产生不同的治疗效果。 Cell is a complex organism, which contains many organelles, receptors on the cell surface, various ion channels, etc. In eukaryotes, it has an extremely complicated substance and structure in the nucleus. These complex cellular structures absorb the stimulus signals through receptors on the surface of the cell and the nucleus, signal transduction pathways and the like, and respond correspondingly to different microenvironments. As a stimulus, drugs can also produce different therapeutic effects through different targets in different microenvironment and pathological conditions.