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目的比较重庆市两区县早产/低出生体重儿(简称早产组)与正常足月儿(简称足月组)母亲孕期膳食营养、孕期保健及生活方式,为降低早产/低出生体重儿的出生率提供科学依据。方法利用对460名早产/低出生体重儿和460名足月儿问卷调查资料的分析,应用χ2检验和方差分析比较早产组与足月组母亲的孕期营养、产前检查和生活方式,为降低早产/低出生体重儿的出生率提供科学依据。结果早产组母亲孕期叶酸服用比例,孕期每天进食动物性食物、奶及奶制品、水果的比例和频率,进食动物性食物的平均量都低于足月组,差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组母亲在孕期是否服用钙片、多种维生素,主食量,每周进食蔬菜、蛋类、豆及豆制品的进食频率上,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。早产组母亲产前检查的次数、在区县级医院进行产检的比例、分娩前体重均低于足月组,分娩时白细胞总数高于足月组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。比较两组不同级别医院产检、被动吸烟、性生活、使用电热毯、孕期简单的体力活动等情况,以及分娩时中性粒细胞数,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论早产组母亲孕期膳食营养较足月组的差,孕期保健也不规范。建议孕母注意膳食营养,进行规范的孕期保健,减少早产和低出生体重儿的发生。
Objective To compare the maternal dietary nutrition, pregnancy health care and lifestyle during the first trimester of pregnancy with low birth weight children (preterm birth group) and normal term children (short term full term group) in two districts of Chongqing Municipality to reduce the birth rate of preterm / low birth weight children Provide a scientific basis. Methods The data of 460 preterm / low birth weight infants and 460 full-term infants were analyzed by questionnaire survey. The χ2 test and analysis of variance were used to compare prenatal nutrition, prenatal care and lifestyle of preterm and full term mothers Provide a scientific basis for the birth rate of preterm / low birth weight infants. Results The proportion of pregnant women taking prenatal folate during pregnancy, the proportion of animal food, milk, dairy products and fruits consumed per day during pregnancy were lower than those in term group (P < 0.05). The two groups of mothers during pregnancy whether to take calcium tablets, multivitamins, staple food, weekly eating vegetables, eggs, beans and soy products eating frequency, the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The number of antenatal examinations of mothers in preterm labor group was lower than that in term group at the district and county hospitals. The total number of leucocytes during delivery was higher than that of term group (all P <0.05) ). No significant difference was found in the number of neutrophils at childbirth between the two groups in different stages of hospitalization, passive smoking, sexual life, use of electric blanket and simple physical activity during pregnancy. There was no significant difference (P> 0.05). Conclusion The mothers in the preterm labor group had worse nutritional status during pregnancy than those in the full term group, and the health care during pregnancy was not standardized. Recommended that pregnant mothers pay attention to dietary nutrition, standardized pregnancy care, reduce the incidence of premature birth and low birth weight infants.