随着人工智能（AI）技术特别是深度学习的快速发展，AI在眼科领域的研究呈现出病种多样化、场景广泛化和研究深入化的趋势。AI在糖尿病视网膜病变、老年性黄斑变性、青光眼等眼科疾病的研究中表现出良好的性能，展现出眼科AI的巨大潜力。然而，目前多数研究尚处于初级阶段，眼科AI的运用仍面临结果可解释性欠缺、数据标准化缺乏和临床适用性不足等诸多挑战。同时也应看到，多模式影像学的发展、5G和物联网等数字技术和远程医疗的创新，以及视网膜状态能反映全身疾病的新发现都给眼科AI的发展带来了新的机遇。了解AI在眼科领域的研究现状，把握发展过程中的新挑战和新机遇，成功实现眼科AI从研究到实际运用的转化。“,”With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep learning, AI research in the field of ophthalmology has presented a trend of diversification in disease types, generalization in scenarios and deepening in researches. The AI algorithm has showed a good performance in the studies of diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma and other ocular diseases, yielding up the great potential of ophthalmic AI. However, most studies are still in their infancy, and the application of ophthalmic AI still faces many challenges such as lack of interpretability for results, deficiency of data standardization, and insufficiency of clinical applicability. At the same time, it should also be noted that the development of multi-modal imaging, the innovation of digital technologies (such as 5G and the Internet of Things) and telemedicine, and the new discovery that retina status can reflect systemic diseases have brought new opportunities for the development of ophthalmic AI. Learn the current status of AI research in the field of ophthalmology, grasp the new challenges and opportunities in its development process, successfully realizing the transformation of ophthalmic AI from research to practical application.