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载人月球探测任务需要着重考虑任务的安全性,能否“自由返回”是很重要的一项指标。在轨道设计上存在两项要求,首先是地月转移,然后是经月球近旁转向并判断能否返回地球,即实现飞越月球以后的无动力返回。文章结合精确的行星历表(DE405),首先比较不同力模型中同一条轨道的返回情况,以确定初始轨道设计过程中需要考虑的摄动力;然后分析了返回时近地距的各种影响因素,包括出发时刻、转移时间、倾角组合等,提出了一种可使返回近地距逐渐向设定的目标值靠拢的单向搜索方法,该方法简单易行,可信度高,能够满足轨道设计时要求的各项约束条件。该工作对中国将要进行的载人月球探测任务中需要用到的自由返回轨道的设计具有一定的参考价值。
Manned lunar exploration mission needs to focus on the task of security, whether “free return ” is a very important indicator. There are two requirements in the orbit design. The first is the earth-moon transfer, the second is the moon-by-moon steering and determine whether it can return to Earth, that is, the non-powered return after flying over the moon. Combined with the precise ephemeris (DE405), the article first compares the return of the same orbit in the different force model to determine the perturbation force to be considered in the initial orbit design process, and then analyzes various influencing factors , Including departure time, transfer time, combination of inclination angle and so on, a unidirectional search method is proposed which can make the returned near-ground distance gradually approach the set target value. The method is simple, reliable and can meet the requirements of the track Design requirements of the constraints. This work has certain reference value for the design of the free return orbit needed for China’s manned lunar exploration mission to be carried out.