Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of Bushen Yiqi Huoxue Decoction BYHD)in patients with diminished ovarian reserve(DOR).Methods:A total of 180 patients with DOR diagnosed from December 2013 to December 2014 were equally assigned into progynova and duphaston(E+D)group,Zuogui Pill group and BYHD group with 60 cases in each by computerized randomization.Patients received E+D,Zuogui Pill or BYHD for 12 months,respectively.Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2),anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH),antral follicle count(AFC),ovarian volume,endometrial thickness,and the resistance indices(Rls)of ovarian arteries and uterine arteries were observed before and after treatment.Results:Nine women(4 from the E+D group,3 from the Zuogui Pill group,and 2 from the BYHD group)withdrew from the study.After 6 months,Zuogui Pill and BYHD significantly decreased FSH and LH and increased endometrial thickness and AMH(all P＜0.01).BYHD also resulted in E2 elevation(P＜0.05),ovary enlargement(P＜0.05),AFC increase(P＜0.01),and RI of ovarian arteries decrease(P＜0.05).After 12 months,further improvements were observed in the Zuogui Pill and BYHD groups(all P＜0.01),but BYHD showed better outcomes,with lower FSH,larger ovaries and a thicker endometrium compared with the Zuogui Pill group(all P＜0.01).However,E+D only significantly increased endometrial thickness(P＜0.01)and no significant improvements were observed in the RI of uterine arteries in the three groups.Conclusions:BYHD had a favorable therapeutic effect in patients with DOR by rebalancing hormone levels,promoting ovulation,and repairing the thin endometrium.The combination of tonifying Shen(Kidney),benefiting qi and activating blood circulation may be a promising therapeutic strategy for DOR.