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1984年以来,承接了全国小麦育种攻关中的小麦抗赤霉病性鉴定任务,对来自全国10个麦区12648份小麦育种材料抗赤霉病性进行田间自然鉴定。结果表明,至今仍未发现免疫的小麦材料。长江中下游冬麦区、华南冬麦区及东北春麦区的供鉴小麦抗性较强,全国R级小麦材料均分布在这些赤霉病频繁流行的麦区;西南冬麦区、黄淮冬麦区及北部春麦区的供鉴小麦抗性较弱;北部冬麦区、青藏春冬麦区、西北春麦区及新疆冬春麦区的供鉴小麦抗性最差。我国现有小麦材料的抗病性与丰产性仍存在较大矛盾,至今仍缺乏可应用于生产的抗赤霉病高产小麦新品种。对我国小麦抗赤霉病育种尚未取得较大突破的原因进行了分析,并探讨了相应的解决办法,提出在病区建立小麦抗赤霉病穿梭育种开放试验基地的设想。
Since 1984, it undertook the task of identification of wheat scab resistance in wheat breeding in the country and conducted field natural identification of 12648 wheat breeding materials scored from the 10 wheat growing regions in China. The results show that so far no immune wheat material has been found. Middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River winter wheat area, south China winter wheat and northeast spring wheat area for the Kam resistance of wheat, the national R-class wheat material are distributed in these areas of frequent pandemic blight wheat; winter wheat area of southwest, Huanghuai winter wheat area And the north of spring wheat area for the Kam wheat weaker resistance; north winter wheat area, Qinghai-Tibet spring winter wheat area, northwest spring wheat area and Xinjiang winter spring wheat area for the worst resistance. There is still a large contradiction between the disease resistance and high yield of the existing wheat materials in our country. So far, there is still a shortage of new wheat varieties with high yield of scab resistance that can be applied to the production. This paper analyzed the reasons why there was not yet a big breakthrough in the breeding of Fusarium head blight in our country, and discussed the corresponding solutions. The idea of establishing the opening test base of shuttle breeding of Fusarium head blight in ward was put forward.