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一、临床药理学的进展及其在抗生素临床研究中的重要性临床医务人员往往对药物的作用比较重视,而对其副作用则注意不够。估计约5～6％的病人因药物的过量或药物的副作用而住院。对住院病人严加观察,服用或注射药物后约30～40％可出现一些副作用,女比男为多;胃肠道反应和过敏反应多见于女性,而男性以电解质平衡失调为多见。药物反应的个体差异很大,乃与遗传因素如遗传缺陷、遗传变异等有关。婴儿、老人、孕妇等的药物反应也与一般青少年不同,怀孕最初3个月为胚胎发育期,在此期内应用某些药物有导致畸胎的可能。很多药物间存在着配伍禁忌和交互作用,烟、酒、食物、疾病等均可影响药效。
First, the progress of clinical pharmacology and its importance in the clinical study of antibiotics Clinical medical staff tend to pay more attention to the role of drugs, while its side effects are not paid enough attention. An estimated 5-6% of patients are hospitalized due to overdose or side effects of the drug. Strict observation of inpatients, taking or injection of drugs about 30 ~ 40% after some side effects may occur, more women than men; gastrointestinal reactions and allergic reactions more common in women, and men with electrolyte imbalance is more common. Individual differences in drug response vary widely, but are related to genetic factors such as genetic defects and genetic variation. The drug reactions of infants, the elderly and pregnant women are also different from those of the general youth. The first 3 months of pregnancy are the embryonic development period. The application of certain drugs during this period may lead to teratogenicity. Many drugs exist incompatibility and interaction compatibility, smoke, alcohol, food, disease, etc. can affect the efficacy.