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为揭示平原地区耕作单元地块的几何特征及其对机械耕作的影响,以黄淮海平原曲周县为样地进行了实证分析。研究发现,耕作单元地块的平均面积、平均长度、平均宽度分别为0.16hm2、102.2m、17.1m,且其面积、长度、宽度的数值均分布离散。耕作单元地块的长度与面积呈显著(P<0.01)正相关,函数关系呈幂函数特征。耕作单元地块长度与宽度呈显著(P<0.01)负相关。每公顷耕地因耕作单元地块田埂边界的存在会产生非有效耕地0.03hm2。耕作单元地块的边界密度、平均宽度之间呈显著(P<0.01)负相关,函数关系呈幂函数特征。耕作单元地块的形状呈狭长形,其长边方向不一致,且交通不便。单个农户耕作单元地块的位置分布离散。因耕作单元地块的面积较小、长度较短,其平均机耕效率、平均机耕工作行程率均较低。在黄淮海平原农用地整治中,应切实进行耕作单元地块归并及耕地规模化流转,以增加耕作单元地块的面积、长度,改善耕作单元地块的空间布局。
In order to reveal the geometric characteristics of the farming unit plots and its impact on the mechanized farming in plain area, an empirical study was carried out on the basis of the sample plot of Quzhou County in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. The study found that the average area, average length and average width of cultivated unit plots were 0.16hm2, 102.2m and 17.1m, respectively, and the values of area, length and width were all distributed discretely. The length and area of cultivated unit plots were significantly (P <0.01) positive, and the function relationship was a power function. The length and width of tillage units were significantly (P <0.01) negatively correlated. Each hectare of cultivated land will result in 0.03hm2 of ineffective cultivated land due to the existence of border fields. The boundary density and average width of cultivated unit plots were significantly (P <0.01) negatively correlated with the power function. Tillage unit plots shape is long and narrow, the direction of its long side is inconsistent, and traffic inconvenience. The distribution of the location of individual farming unit plots is discrete. Due to the smaller area and shorter length of the plots, the average plow efficiency and the average plow-tilling travel rate were lower. In the remediation of agricultural land in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the consolidation of cultivated unit plots and the large-scale flow of cultivated land should be practically carried out to increase the area and length of the plots and to improve the spatial layout of the plots.