微生物药物(Microbial drug)是一类结构复杂多样,生物活性显著的小分子化合物。微生物药物产量决定了其后续的可开发性与使用成本。传统育种方法提高微生物药物产量效果明显,但随机性强且成本高昂,然而合成生物学的兴起为微生物药物产量理性化提高注入了全新活力。本文从启动子的工程化应用、前体供应、基因组重排等方面,综述了近年来合成生物学策略在放线菌来源的微生物药物产量理性化提高方面所取得的相关研究进展。 Microbial drug is a kind of complex and diverse structure, biological activity of significant small molecule compounds. Microbial drug production determines the subsequent development and use of the cost. However, the rise of synthetic biology has injected new vitality into the rationalization of microbial drug production. This review summarizes recent advances in the rationalization of microbial drug yield derived from actinomycetes based on the engineering applications of promoters, precursor supply and genomic rearrangement.