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【目的】了解湖南地区儿童急性下呼吸道感染（ALRTI）住院儿童的病毒病原情况。【方法】收集2011年4月至2012年3月因ALRTI住院的儿童鼻咽抽吸物标本727份，采用RT-PCR以及 Nest-PCR方法检测常见的13种呼吸道病毒，包括人博卡病毒（HBoV ），腺病毒（ADV ），呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV ），人鼻病毒（HRV），副流感病毒1-4型（PIV1-4），流感病毒 A和B（IFVA/B），人偏肺病毒（HMPV），人冠状病毒NL63和HKU1（HCoV-NL63和 HCoV-HKU1）。并对所有阳性扩增产物进行基因测序证实。【结果】727份标本中有504份检出病毒，总检出率为69．3％（504/727），位居前三位的是：RSV（26．3％）、HRV（18．7％）、ADV （18．6％）。春夏季以及小于3岁以下患儿病毒检出率高，差异有统计学意义。病毒检出率的男女性别比无差异。两种或两种以上病毒混合感染率达38．9％。【结论】研究期间RSV以及 HRV是湖南地区ALRTI住院儿童的主要病原，但ADV检出率较往年明显增高，跃居第三位，具有重要提示意义，病毒之间混合感染率高。“,”[Objective] To understand the viral pathogen in hospitalized children with acute lower respira-tory tract infection(ALRTI) from 2011 to 2012 in Hunan province .[Methods]A total of 727 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples in hospitalized children due to ALRTI from April 2011 to March 2012 were collected .Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Nest-PCR were used to detect 13 kinds of common re-spiratoryvirusesincludinghumanbocavirus(HBoV),adenovirus(ADV),respiratory syncytialvirus(RSV), human rhinovirus(HRV) ,parainfluenza 1-4(PIV1-4) ,influenza virus A(IFVA) ,influenza virus B(IFVB) , human metapneumovirus (HMPV) ,human coronaviruses NL63 (HCoV-NL63) and human coronaviruses HKU1(HCoV-HKU1) .The positive amplification products were confirmed by gene sequencing .[Results]Vi-ruses were detected in 504 of 727 specimens ,and the total detection rate was 69 .3% (504/727) .The first three viruses were RSV(26 .3% ) ,HRV(18 .7% ) and ADV(18 .6% ) .The high detection rate of viruses was found in spring and summer and children aged less than 3 years old ,and there was significant difference . There was no significant difference in the detection rate of viruses between males and females .The mixed in-fection rate of two or more than two kinds of viruses was 38 .9% .[Conclusion]During the study period ,respir-atory syncytial virus and rhinovirus are the main pathogens in hospitalized children with ALRTI of Hunan province .Compared with former years ,the detection rate of adenovirus is obviously increased ,and becomes the third common virus ,and has important significance .The mixed infection rate of viruses is high .