抗战期间,民众教育空前发展是贵阳教育事业的一个突出特征。该文通过揭示贵阳民众识字率低、生产技能落后、国家民族意识淡薄、体质弱等素质面相,探讨战争背景下这座内陆城市借助教育“改造民众”的必要性问题。而这种“改造”既开发了支持抗战的人力资源,又加快了贵阳及其市民的“文明化”进程。 During the Anti-Japanese War, the unprecedented development of people’s education was a prominent feature of Guiyang’s education. This article explores the necessity of reforming the public in this hinterland city by means of education in the context of war by revealing the low literacy rate, backward production skills, weak national consciousness and weak physique in Guiyang. Such “transformation” has not only developed human resources for supporting the war but also accelerated the process of “civilizing” Guiyang and its citizens.