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以先后作为我国可流通文物交易法律制度核心的1961年《文物保护管理暂行条例》和1982年《文物保护法》及其三次修订为界分标准,可将新中国成立以来62年的可流通文物交易法律制度划分为新中国成立初期、《文物保护管理暂行条例》施行期、1982年《文物保护法》施行期、1991年《文物保护法》施行期、2002年《文物保护法》施行期和2007年《文物保护法》施行期六个阶段。通过对这六个阶段的法律文本和规范性文件进行梳理和分析,可以发现我国可流通文物交易监管重心存在严重错位,同时在文物进出境管理、国家优先购买权、对私人拥有文物的保护以及文物认定标准等方面存在诸多制度盲点。纠正我国可流通文物交易监管法律制度的重心,填补相应制度盲点,是我国当前可流通文物交易法律制度完善所必须面对和进行的工作。
Taking successively the Provisional Regulations on the Administration of Cultural Relics Protection of 1961 and the Three Amendments of Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China as the core of the legal system for the circulation of cultural relics in the People’s Republic of China for the first time in succession, the 62-year-old negotiable cultural relics The transaction legal system is divided into the early days after the founding of New China, the implementation period of the Provisional Regulations on the Administration of Cultural Relics Protection, the Execution Period of the “Cultural Relics Protection Law of 1982”, the Implementation Period of the “Cultural Relics Protection Law” in 1991, the Implementation Period of the “Cultural Relics Protection Law” in 2002 and 2007 “Heritage Conservation Law” the implementation of six stages. Through the sorting and analysis of the legal texts and normative documents in these six stages, we can find that there is a serious dislocation in the regulatory focus of the tradable cultural relics trade in our country. At the same time, we should also make the management of the entry and exit of cultural relics, the state preemption rights, the protection of privately owned cultural relics, There are many system blind spots in cultural relics recognition standards. Correct the center of gravity of the legal system of the circulation of cultural relics trade in our country and fill in the blind spots of the corresponding system are the tasks that must be confronted and carried out in our country to perfect the legal system of negotiable cultural relics transactions.