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近年来,美国军舰多次“造访”南海,甚至到达中国岛屿12海里领海范围内,严重侵犯中国领土主权。中国是1982年《联合国海洋法公约》的缔约国,而美国至今没有批准《公约》,中美关于军舰领海无害通过权的立法不同,双方在海洋权益保护问题上存在明显分歧。本文通过分析中美相关立法理念的差异,揭开美国大力倡导军舰享有领海无害通过权的原因,通过阐述中国军舰事先批准制的合理性,提出应反对军舰在领海享有无害通过权的观点,另外针对美国军舰擅入我国领海的挑衅行为提出了应对建议。
In recent years, the U.S. warships have repeatedly “visited” the South China Sea and even reached the 12-kilometer territorial waters of the Chinese islands, seriously violating the territorial sovereignty of China. China is a signatory party to the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the United States has so far failed to ratify the “Convention.” The two countries differ in their legislation on the protection of the maritime rights and interests due to the differences in the legislation between China and the United States on the right of innocent passage of warship territorial waters. By analyzing the differences between the concepts of China and the United States, this article explores the reason why the United States strongly advocates the warship to enjoy the right of innocent passage of the territorial waters. By elaborating on the rationality of the pre-approval system of Chinese warships, this article proposes that the warships should be opposed to the right of innocent passage in the territorial sea In addition, the United States warships in the territorial waters of China’s provocative behavior put forward suggestions.