节制资本是毛泽东在新民主主义时期的一个重要经济思想。但他的这一思想前后有着极大的差异 ,在前期 ,毛泽东是把中国的官僚垄断资本主义作为节制资本的主要对象 ;而在后期 ,则把中国的私人资本主义当作节制资本的主要对象。造成这种现象的根本原因 ,就在于毛泽东对新民主主义经济的性质判断发生了根本变化。在前期 ,毛泽东把新民主主义经济看作是一种基本实行市场机制的“新式资本主义的经济” ,因而把具有垄断独占性质的官僚资本主义视作为节制和打击的对象。而在后期 ,毛泽东认为新民主主义经济是一种包含有社会主义因素的计划经济 ,这样一来 ,以市场为取向而不是以计划为取向的中国私人资本主义就成了限制的对象。从毛泽东的新民主主义经济思想中 ,可以发现他早期曾经有过市场经济思想 ,但由于受传统社会主义理论的影响 ,后来认为市场经济是资本主义的 ,而计划经济才是社会主义的 ,因而他的早期市场经济思想最终没有发展成为现代市场经济思想。这是这位伟人的历史局限性所致 Capital restraint is an important economic thought of Mao Zedong in the period of new democracy. However, there was a great difference before and after his thought. In the early period, Mao Zedong regarded China’s bureaucrats as monopoly capitalism as the main target of capital control. In the later period, however, Mao Zedong regarded China’s private capitalism as the main target of capital control . The fundamental reason for this phenomenon lies in Mao Zedong’s fundamental judgment on the nature of the new-democratic economy. In the early period, Mao Zedong regarded the new-democratic economy as a “new capitalist economy” that practiced the market mechanism basically. Therefore, bureaucratic capitalism with a monopoly monopoly was regarded as the object of restraint and attack. In the later period, Mao Zedong considered the new-democratic economy as a planned economy that embraced socialism. As a result, China’s private capitalism, which is market-oriented rather than planned, has become the object of restriction. From Mao Zedong’s new democratic economic thought, we can find out that he had had the idea of ​​market economy in the early days. However, due to the influence of the traditional socialist theory, the market economy was capitalist and the planned economy was socialistic. His idea of ​​early market economy eventually failed to develop into a modern market economy. This is due to the historical limitations of this great man