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针对传统图像配准技术难以对海洋、沙漠、草原等特征不明显区域航空遥感图像进行配准的问题,提出了一种基于地理位置信息的航空遥感图像配准算法。依据载机定位定向系统测量的载机位置、姿态信息以及航空相机中位置编码器测量的框架角位置信息,利用齐次坐标变换的方法求解配准点在大地坐标系下的投影。利用世界大地坐标系-84坐标系定义的地球椭球模型确定匹配点的经纬度信息,将相同地理位置信息的配准点进行配准。采用蒙特卡罗法仿真分析了载机姿态位置信息及框架角位置信息对配准精度及定位精度的影响。采用实际的航空遥感图像进行实验,结果表明,在载机飞行高度低于2000m,拍摄倾斜角小于18°时,配准精度可优于3m,遥感图像中的海上控制点的定位精度优于35m。
Aiming at the problem of traditional image registration technology that it is difficult to register the remote sensing image of the air, such as the ocean, the desert and the prairie, the remote sensing image registration algorithm based on the geographic location information is proposed. The projection of the registration point in the geodetic coordinate system is solved by means of homogeneous coordinate transformation according to the position and attitude information of the aircraft and the frame angular position information measured by the position encoder in the aerial camera. The earth ellipsoid model defined by the World Geodetic Coordinate System-84 coordinate system is used to determine the longitude and latitude information of the matching points and the registration points of the same geographical position information are registered. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the effect of the attitude information and frame angular position information on the registration accuracy and positioning accuracy. Experimental results using actual remote sensing images show that the accuracy of registration is better than 3m when the flight altitude is less than 2000m and the tilt angle is less than 18 °. The accuracy of the control points in remote sensing images is better than 35m .