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18世纪末19世纪初的德国浪漫主义运动在孕育了德国民俗学的同时,也在不断建构和影响着这门学科的研究对象——德意志民族的日常生活和民间文化传统。第三帝国时期,民俗学因其浪漫主义的学术情怀而为纳粹政治所利用,成为战后学术讨伐的对象。这正是德国当代民俗学在追求学科改革和学术转型时一定要摒弃浪漫主义的原因所在。尽管如此,浪漫主义不仅对德国民俗学的建立和早期发展功不可没,而且浪漫主义在整体理念上也不一定就反理性和反科学。浪漫主义民俗学者勇于在生活实践中用理想的愿景去改变和影响他人的精神,或许正是当前身处民族复兴和文化重建时期的中国民俗学所需要的。
The German romantic movement from the late 18th century to the early 19th century gave birth to German folklore. At the same time, it also constantly constructed and influenced the study subjects of this subject - the daily life and folk cultural tradition of the German nation. In the period of the Third Reich, folklore was used by Nazi politics for its romantic academic sentiment and became the target of post-war academic crusade. This is exactly why Germany’s contemporary folklore must abandon romanticism in its pursuit of academic reform and academic transformation. Nevertheless, romanticism is not only notable for the establishment and early development of German folklore, but romanticism is not necessarily rational and antiscientific in its overall philosophy. The courage to change and influence others’ spirit with ideal vision in the life practice of romantic folklorists may be exactly what Chinese folklore currently is in the era of national rejuvenation and cultural reconstruction.