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目的分析了解郑州市2005-2014年狂犬病流行特征,以探索科学有效的防治措施。方法收集郑州市2005-2014年狂犬病疫情及监测资料,利用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果郑州市2005-2014年累计报告狂犬病病例64例;发病人群以农民为主,占病例总数的65.63%;男性占病例总数的73.44%;7~9月为狂犬病高发季节;伤人动物以犬为主,占96.88%;53.13%的暴露为Ⅲ度暴露;62.50%的病例暴露后未对伤口进行任何处理,92.19%的病例未接种疫苗,98.44%的病例未接种免疫球蛋白或血清。结论农村是狂犬病防范的重点地区,暴露后接受规范处置、及时进行疫苗接种和开展大规模的犬只免疫是控制狂犬病的关键。只有采取针对性的防控措施,才能有效控制人狂犬病的发生。
Objective To analyze and understand the epidemic characteristics of rabies from 2005 to 2014 in Zhengzhou to explore the scientific and effective prevention and treatment measures. Methods The epidemic situation and surveillance data of rabies from 2005 to 2014 in Zhengzhou were collected and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 64 rabies cases were reported from 2005 to 2014 in Zhengzhou City. Most of the patients were peasants, accounting for 65.63% of the total cases. Men accounted for 73.44% of the total cases. In the period from July to September, the incidence of rabies was high. Accounting for 96.88%; 53.13% of the exposure was Ⅲ degree of exposure; 62.50% of the cases had no wounds after exposure; 92.19% of the cases were unvaccinated; 98.44% of the cases were not immunized with immunoglobulin or serum. Conclusion The rural areas are the key areas for prevention of rabies. After the exposure, standardized treatment, timely vaccination and large-scale immunization of dogs are the key to control rabies. Only by taking targeted prevention and control measures can we effectively control the occurrence of human rabies.