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目的:探讨热性惊厥(FC)的脑电图(EEG),了解FC对脑的损害及癫痫的发生率。方法:检测350例首次FC患儿的EEG,追踪随访6年,观察预后与复发情况。结果:首次EEG显示,正常275例(78.57%),轻度异常59例(16.86%),中度异常16例(4.57%)。有癫痫家族史21例(6%)。有FC家族史7例(2%)。随访结束时EEG正常219例(62.57%),轻度异常71例(20.29%),中度异常60例(17.14%)。98例(28%)只有首次FC,252例(72%)复发。18例(5.14%)并发了多动综合征。52例(14.86%)有轻度智力减退。结论:初次发作FC的患儿78.57%的EEG为正常,小于3岁和有癫痫家族史及FC家族史的患儿容易复发。反复发作惊厥可导致脑损伤或转化为癫痫。
Objective: To investigate the electroencephalogram (EEG) of febrile seizures (FC), to understand the damage of brain to FC and the incidence of epilepsy. Methods: The EEG of 350 first-episode FC patients were detected and followed up for 6 years. The prognosis and recurrence were observed. Results: The first EEG showed normal 275 cases (78.57%), mild abnormalities 59 cases (16.86%) and moderate abnormalities 16 cases (4.57%). Family history of epilepsy in 21 cases (6%). There are 7 cases of FC family history (2%). EEG was normal in 219 cases (62.57%), mild abnormalities in 71 cases (20.29%) and moderate abnormalities in 60 cases (17.14%) at the end of follow-up. In 98 patients (28%) with first-time FC only, 252 patients (72%) relapsed. 18 cases (5.14%) complicated by hyperactivity syndrome. 52 cases (14.86%) had mild mental retardation. CONCLUSIONS: 78.57% of children with initial episode of FC have normal EEG, and are younger than 3 years and relapse easily in children with familial family history of epilepsy and FC family history. Recurrent seizures can lead to brain damage or epilepsy.