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目的分析杭州市2011—2015年182 162例动物致伤患者流行病学特征,为减少动物致伤的发生和预防狂犬病提供依据。方法对杭州市职业病防治院犬伤门诊2011—2015年记录的182 162例动物致伤患者资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 2011—2015年初诊182 162例,平均年初诊36 432.40例,初诊例数呈逐年递增趋势(APC=11.79%);患者年龄以18~<65岁为主,占77.07%;伤人动物以犬为主(73.54%),其次为猫(16.84%);动物伤人发生有明显的季节性,第三季度为发生高峰;受伤部位以手掌为主(53.43%),其次为下肢(32.76%);暴露级别以Ⅱ级暴露为主(78.63%);无既往免疫史的Ⅲ级暴露者未接种被动免疫制剂比例为65.12%。结论应加强对犬和猫等动物的管理,提高动物免疫接种率;根据流行病学特征,加强狂犬病防治知识宣传教育,暴露后应尽快接种狂犬疫苗,尤其是Ⅲ级暴露应接种抗狂犬病免疫球蛋白。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 182 162 animal-injured patients in Hangzhou from 2011 to 2015, and provide evidence for reducing the occurrence of animal injuries and preventing rabies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of 182,162 animal-injured patients data from 2011 to 2015 in canine wounded outpatient department of Hangzhou Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Center was conducted. Results A total of 182,162 new cases were diagnosed in 2011-2015, with an average of 36,442.40 cases. The number of newly diagnosed cases showed a trend of increasing year by year (APC = 11.79%). The age of the patients was mainly between 18 and 65 years old, accounting for 77.07% (73.54%) followed by cats (16.84%). There was a clear seasonality in animal wounding and peaked in the third quarter. The main parts of the injured were the palm (53.43%), followed by the lower limbs (32.76% ). The exposure level was mainly Ⅱ level exposure (78.63%). The proportion of un-immunized passive immunization was 65.12% in those who did not receive previous immunization. Conclusion The management of dogs and cats and other animals should be strengthened and the rate of animal immunization should be improved. According to epidemiological characteristics, publicity and education on rabies prevention and treatment should be strengthened. Rabies vaccines should be vaccinated as soon as possible after exposure. In particular, immunization against rabies should be given protein.