论文部分内容阅读
到过雷州半岛或海南岛的人,都会记得那一片分布在琼州海峡两岸的红壤和那不高的锥形山,这就是几千万年前的第三纪,由地壳深处喷发到地表的玄武岩风化而成;而那些锥形山的中心部位,往往就是当年喷射烈焰和熔岩的火山口。玄武岩是分布最广的一种火山岩,它来自地壳深部,属基性火山岩,是一种黑色或黑绿色的多孔状岩石。我国四川的峨眉山、河北张家口的汉诺坝以及印度德干高原,都是由玄武岩组成,其面积可达上万甚至数十万平方公里。玄武岩分布较广,而且在近代活火山中,喷出的岩浆绝大多数是玄武岩。故有人认为世界上所有的火成岩都是由它所派生。这种学说,虽然受到后来理论的冲击,但玄武岩仍然是解决岩浆成因与地球表面大断裂之间关系的关键。
Those who have been to Leizhou Peninsula or Hainan Island will remember the red soil that is distributed across the Qiongzhou Strait and the low conical mountains that are the basalts that erupted to the surface from the deep crust thousands of years ago Weathered; and those cone-shaped center of the mountain, often the year was the flame and lava spray fire crater. Basalt is the most widely distributed type of volcanic rock, which comes from the deep crust, is a basic volcanic rock, is a black or dark green porous rock. Mount Emei in Sichuan Province, Hanok Dam in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, and the Degan Plateau in India are all composed of basalts, with an area of tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of square kilometers. Basalt widely distributed, but also in modern active volcano, the vast majority of magma emitted basalt. Therefore, some people think that all the igneous rocks in the world are derived from it. Although this theory is impacted by later theories, basalt remains the key to solving the relationship between the magmatic origin and the major surface rupture on Earth.