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钉螺(oncomelania)是日本血吸虫Schistosoma japonicum的唯一中间寄主,是血吸虫病传播过程中不可缺少的环节。目前用于杀灭钉螺的化学药物存在生产成本高、严重污染环境、钉螺耐药性和对非靶体生物的毒性等诸多问题,这使人们将研究兴趣转向从植物中寻找天然灭螺药物。从结构类型、作用机制和构效关系等方面入手,对具有杀灭钉螺活性的植物源天然产物进行归纳总结,以期为新型植物源灭螺剂的开发提供参考。
Oncomelania is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum and is an indispensable part of schistosomiasis transmission. At present, the chemicals used to kill snails have many problems such as high production costs, serious environmental pollution, snail resistance and toxicity to non-target organisms, which have led people to turn their research interest to find natural snail remedies from plants. Based on the structure type, mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship, this paper summarizes the plant-derived natural products with the activity of killing Oncomelania so as to provide a reference for the development of a new plant-based molluscicide.