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目的探讨冲击波负压对豚鼠鼓膜和听骨链的致伤效应特点。方法将豚鼠暴露于冲击波负压发生装置产生的不同强度实验性冲击波负压之后,于体视显微镜下观察豚鼠鼓膜和听骨链的创伤情况。结果共观察72只豚鼠141耳,多数鼓膜出现了充血、出血、上皮脱落和鼓膜穿孔等不同程度的创伤,严重者合并有听骨骨折。鼓膜和听骨链创伤的严重程度与冲击波负压的压力峰值和降压时间有关。在降压时间为7．5 ms左右时,引起鼓膜穿孔的最小负压峰值为-22．4～-23．9 kPa；使所有鼓膜均发生穿孔的最小负压峰值为-83．1～-87．2 kPa。结论不同强度的冲击波负压暴露可导致豚鼠鼓膜充血、出血、上皮脱落、鼓膜穿孔和听骨骨折等不同程度的创伤,鼓膜和听骨创伤的严重程度与冲击波负压的压力峰值和降压速率密切相关。
Objective To investigate the effects of shock wave negative pressure on guinea pig tympanic membrane and ossicular chain. Methods The guinea pigs were exposed to shock wave negative pressure generated by shock negative pressure generating device. The trauma of guinea pig’s tympanic membrane and ossicular chain was observed under a stereo microscope. Results A total of 141 guinea pigs of 72 guinea pigs were observed. Most of the tympanic membrane showed different degrees of trauma such as congestion, hemorrhage, epithelial abscission and perforation of the tympanic membrane. In severe cases, there were ossicular fractures. The severity of tympanic membrane and ossicular chain trauma is related to the peak pressure of the shock wave negative pressure and the time to blood pressure reduction. When the step-down time is about 7.5 ms, the minimum negative pressure peak value of tympanic membrane perforation is -22.4 ~ -23.9 kPa; the minimum negative pressure peak value of all tympanic membrane perforation is -83.1 ~ 87.2 kPa. Conclusion Different intensity negative shock exposure can lead to varying degrees of trauma, such as eardrum congestion, hemorrhage, epithelial exfoliation, perforation of tympanic membrane and ossicular fracture. The severity of tympanic membrane and ossicular trauma and the peak pressure and velocity of shock wave negative pressure closely related.