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目的:调查六盘水市、安顺市乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗首针(HBV1)接种情况,探讨提高HBV1及时接种率措施。方法:分层随机抽样调查新生儿接种情况、孕妇/婴儿母亲及接生/接种医生乙肝免疫预防知识掌握情况。结果:HBV1及时率医院出生儿童远高于在家出生,县级以上医院高于乡镇卫生院。81.10%孕妇/婴儿母亲做过产前检查,53.79%通过产前检查、67.01%通过村医获得乙肝免疫预防知识,79.51%认为村医口头宣传对自己有效;仅82.30%接生/接种医生知道国家对新生儿HBV1实行“谁接生、谁接种”政策,35.88%知道低体重新生儿不是接种禁忌证,56.94%知道新生儿感染乙肝病毒后最易成为慢性携带者,69.86%知道乙肝的传播途径包括围产期传播。结论:出生地点是影响新生儿HBV1及时接种的重要因素,提高住院分娩率,做好在医院出生儿童HBV1及时接种,是提高HBV1及时率的主要措施,乡镇级卫生院是院内出生新生儿及时接种的薄弱环节。应加强产前检查医生及村级防保人员的新生儿HBV接种宣传工作,加强对接生/接种医生乙肝免疫预防知识的培训。
Objective: To investigate the vaccination status of hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine in Liupanshui City and Anshun City, and to explore measures to improve timely vaccination rate of HBV1. Methods: Stratified stratified random sampling was used to investigate neonatal inoculation, knowledge of hepatitis B immunization prevention among pregnant women, infants and mothers and their doctors. Results: The rate of HBV1 birth rate in hospital was much higher than that of at home, above the county level hospitals than township hospitals. 81.10% of pregnant women and mothers did prenatal examination, 53.79% passed prenatal examination, 67.01% got knowledge of hepatitis B immunization through village doctors, 79.51% believed village doctor oral publicity was effective for themselves; only 82.30% of the doctors in the country 35.88% knew that low birth weight infants were not vaccinated contraindications, 56.94% were most likely to become chronic carriers after newborns were infected with hepatitis B virus, 69.86% knew the spread of hepatitis B Pathways include perinatal transmission. Conclusion: The place of birth is an important factor influencing timely inoculation of neonatal HBV1. The improvement of hospital delivery rate and timely vaccination of HBV1 born in the hospital are the main measures to improve the timely rate of HBV1. Township level hospitals are timely inoculation of neonates born in the hospital The weak link. Prenatal care doctors and village-level prevention and treatment workers should be strengthened neonatal HBV vaccination efforts to strengthen the delivery / vaccination of hepatitis B immune prevention training.