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利用外资是中国改革开放的一个显著标志。1992年以来,中国利用外资规模急剧扩大,到1996年底,我国实际利用外资累计2850亿美元。1996年当年就达552.7亿美元,其中利用外商直接投资423.5亿美元。外资经济在国民经济中的地位和影响来越突出。利用外资对中国经济发展所起的巨大作用,已为实践证明。利用外资有助于弥补国内资金缺口,促进技术、管理各方面的进步,但是另一方面,利用外资也存在一定风险和消极影响。利用外资既有巨大收益,也要付出沉重的代价。由于借用外债等用资方式易于计算成本,本文主要针对利用外商直接投资方式,结合我国近20年来的利用外资实践,对中国利用外资成本在产业安全、资源配置、反通货膨胀、环境保护、民族文化保护诸方面进行实证分析和理论探讨,以期进一步加强和完善对利用外资的控制和管理。
The use of foreign investment is a prominent symbol of China’s reform and opening up. Since 1992, the scale of China’s use of foreign capital has expanded rapidly. By the end of 1996, the total amount of foreign capital actually utilized in China has totaled 285 billion U.S. dollars. In 1996, it reached 55.27 billion U.S. dollars, of which foreign direct investment reached 42.35 billion U.S. dollars. The more prominent and influential the foreign-funded economy is in the national economy. The tremendous role played by foreign capital in China’s economic development has been proven by practice. The use of foreign investment helps to make up for the domestic funding gap and promote technological and management progress in all fields. On the other hand, there is also some risk and negative impact on the utilization of foreign investment. The use of foreign capital has great benefits, but also pay a heavy price. Due to borrowing foreign debt and other means of easy to calculate the cost, this paper mainly for the use of foreign direct investment, combined with our practice of foreign investment in the past 20 years, China’s use of foreign capital costs in industrial safety, resource allocation, anti-inflation, environmental protection, Cultural protection in all aspects of empirical analysis and theoretical discussion, with a view to further strengthen and improve the control and management of the use of foreign capital.