This case report is to present a maxillary first molar with one O-shaped root, which is an extended C-shaped canal system. Patient with chronic apical periodont
Botulinum toxin A(BTXA) has been used in several clinical trials to treat excessive glandular secretion; however, the precise mechanism of its action on the sec
Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) have been identified and isolated from dental tissues, including stem cells from apical papilla, which demonstrated the ability to
Cellular fibronectin (cFn) is a type of bioactive non-collagen glycoprotein regarded as the main substance used to maintain periodontal attachment. The content
Streptococcus mutans is a common Gram-positive bacterium and plays a significant role in dental caries. Tobacco and/or nicotine have documented effects on S. mu