关于氏族制与原始时代其他社会结构的相互关系问题,首先是与公社和家庭的相互关系问题,是原始社会史上争论最大的一个问题。有两种基本观点:一种观点认为,氏族组织是普遍的,是人类发展一定阶段上必然产生的一种现象;另一种观点认为,氏族不是普遍的,它只为人类的某些群体所特有,而且这些群体不一定处于同一发展阶段。先是摩尔根,而后是恩格斯发展了第一个观点。恩格斯写道:“氏族在蒙昧时代中级阶段发生,在高级阶段继续发展起来,就我们所有的资料来判断,到了野蛮时代低级阶段,它 The question of the interrelationship between the clan system and other social structures in the primitive era is, first and foremost, the issue of the interrelationship with the commune and the family and the most controversial issue in the primitive society. There are two basic viewpoints: one is that the clan organization is universal and is an inevitable phenomenon at a certain stage of human development; the other view is that the clan is not universal and that it is only for certain groups of human beings Peculiar, and these groups are not necessarily at the same stage of development. First, Morgan, then Engels developed the first point of view. Engels wrote: "The clans took place in the middle stage of the era of ignorance and continued to develop in the advanced stage. Judging from all the information we have, at the lower stage of the brutal period, it