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维持性血液透析是终末期肾脏病患者最重要的肾脏替代治疗方式,尽管近年来医疗技术不断提高,但维持性血液透析患者的病死率仍较高。本文总结了近年来国内外关于维持性血液透析的尿毒症患者的预后及其危险因素的相关文献,简述了维持性血液透析患者预后不佳的危险因素,包括年龄、合并糖尿病、血脂异常、血压管理、钙磷代谢异常等多个方面。分析表明,维持性血液透析患者预后不佳的危险因素众多,不仅与疾病本身有关,也与患者的治疗及随访管理有关。
Maintenance hemodialysis is the most important renal replacement therapy for patients with end stage renal disease. Despite the increasing medical technology in recent years, the mortality of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis is still high. This article summarizes the literature about the prognosis and risk factors of uremic patients in maintenance hemodialysis at home and abroad in recent years, and briefly describes the risk factors of poor prognosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients, including age, diabetes, dyslipidemia, Blood pressure management, abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism and many other aspects. The analysis shows that the prognosis of maintenance hemodialysis patients with many poor prognosis, not only with the disease itself, but also with the patient's treatment and follow-up management.