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The prevalence of stroke displays ob-vious geographical variation and is higher on plateaus. Similarly, prolonged stay at high altitude is associated with higher incidence of stroke. High-altitude hypoxia can elicit various physiological dysfunctions, and hypox-ia is suggested to be the principal contributing factor of stroke. In this brief review, the effects of hypoxia on the properties of the blood components such as erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes are presented, in an effort to inform the prevention and treatment of stroke in high-al-titude areas.