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从18世纪开始派往中国的俄罗斯东正教驻北京使团(РусскаядуховнаямиссиявПекине)是中外关系史上的一个十分独特的现象。两个多世纪以来,在中俄的政治、军事、外交、贸易关系中发挥了重要的作用,在中俄文化交流史留下了浓重的一笔。俄罗斯东正教驻北京使团之所以得以派出并长期驻扎北京,与俄罗斯国家发展历史、俄罗斯东正教历史、俄罗斯国家政权与教权的关系、清代的边疆政策等诸多因素都有着密切的关系。本文拟从俄罗斯国家发展历史的特点、俄罗斯东正教及其与政权的关系、中俄关系以及清朝的边疆政策等几个方面来考察俄罗斯东正教驻北京使团入华的缘由,希望本论题的研究有助于全面地看待中俄关系中的俄罗斯东正教驻北京使团,并有助于俄罗斯东正教驻北京使团问题的进一步研究。
The Russian Orthodox Mission to Beijing (Beijing), dispatched to China from the 18th century, is a very unique phenomenon in the history of Sino-foreign relations. For more than two centuries, China has played an important role in the political, military, diplomatic and trade relations between China and Russia, leaving a strong hand in the cultural exchange between China and Russia. The reason why the Russian Orthodox Mission in Beijing was dispatched and stationed in Beijing for a long time was closely related to many factors such as the history of Russia’s national development, the history of the Russian Orthodox Church, the relations between Russia’s state power and religious authority, and the border policy in the Qing Dynasty. This article intends to examine the reasons for Russia’s Orthodox Church mission to Beijing from several aspects, such as the characteristics of Russia’s national development history, the Russian Orthodox Church and its relations with the government, the Sino-Russian relations and the Qing border policy. I hope this research It will help to comprehensively view the Russian Orthodox Mission in Beijing in the Sino-Russian relations and help further the issue of the Russian Orthodox Mission in Beijing.