目的：细胞模型上研究表明，ＨＣＶ抗原能抑制细胞凋亡。本研究在体内研究水平进一步探讨ＨＣＶ抗原表达对细胞凋亡的影响。方法：采用原位细胞凋亡、免疫组织化学及其双染色等技术，对７０例肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）和１０例慢性肝炎的组织标本进行研究。结果：ＨＣＶ感染或组织ＨＣＶ抗原表达阳性的患者中，细胞凋亡指数与阴性患者无显著性差异。而仅有纤维化的慢性肝炎组织较伴有肝硬变的癌周组织的凋亡指数显著升高（２０２７±２４１ｖｓ８４７±３２４，Ｐ＜００１）。在分布上，慢性肝炎组织中细胞凋亡与抗原分布一致，与炎症反应密切相关，而癌周组织中两者常不一致。结论：在组织水平上ＨＣＶ抗原表达对细胞凋亡的影响相对复杂。感染早期，ＨＣＶ抗原主要通过炎症反应而促进细胞凋亡。感染后期则主要表现为抑制细胞凋亡 OBJECTIVE: Studies on cell models show that HCV antigens can inhibit apoptosis. This study further explores the effect of HCV antigen expression on apoptosis in vivo. Methods: 70 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 10 cases of chronic hepatitis were studied by in situ cell apoptosis, immunohistochemistry and double staining. Results: There was no significant difference between apoptosis index and negative patients in patients with HCV infection or positive HCV antigen expression. However, the apoptotic index of fibrosis chronic liver tissue was significantly higher than that of cirrhosis (2027 ± 241 vs847 ± 3.24, P <001). In the distribution, the distribution of apoptosis in chronic hepatitis and antigen distribution consistent with the inflammatory response is closely related to the week of the week is often not consistent. Conclusion: The effect of HCV antigen expression on apoptosis is relatively complicated at the tissue level. In the early stages of infection, HCV antigens promote apoptosis primarily through an inflammatory response. The latter part of the infection is mainly manifested as inhibition of apoptosis