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在基础地力和施氮量相同的条件下,研究氮素基肥、蘖肥和穗肥不同运筹方式对晚稻产量、品质和氮素吸收利用的影响。结果表明:氮肥适当后移能够保持土壤适宜的NH4+-N的浓度,促进晚稻的生长,表现为产量、干物质和氮积累量的增加。当基肥施氮量占总施氮量比例53.8%时,产量达到最高。增加穗肥比例有利于提高碾米品质,但不利于外观品质和食味品质的提高,适当氮肥的后移有利于氮肥利用率的提高,当基肥施氮量占总施氮量的40.3%时,晚稻的吸氮量和氮肥利用率最高,土壤氮素依存率随着基肥施用比例呈倒抛物线关系,当氮素基肥施用比例为40.0%时,对土壤氮素依存率最低为54.5%,氮素收获指数和百公斤籽粒需氮量都随基肥用量的减少而增加。以目标产量相适宜的施总氮量条件下基施氮肥比例为40%～50%,分蘖肥控制在20%～30%左右,穗肥占20%～30%,有利于保持一定的产量和氮肥利用率的提高。
Under the same conditions of basic soil fertility and nitrogen application rate, the effects of different N application modes of nitrogenous fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer on yield, quality and nitrogen uptake and utilization of late rice were studied. The results showed that adequate nitrogen removal could maintain the appropriate concentration of NH4 + -N in the soil and promote the growth of late rice, which showed an increase in yield, dry matter and nitrogen accumulation. When the basal fertilizer nitrogen rate of 53.8% of the total nitrogen rate, the highest yield. Increasing the proportion of panicle fertilizer is beneficial to improve the quality of rice milling, but not conducive to the improvement of appearance quality and eating quality. Appropriate nitrogen fertilizer postponing is conducive to the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency. When the basal fertilizer application of nitrogen accounted for 40.3% Nitrogen uptake rate and nitrogen use efficiency of late rice were the highest. Soil nitrogen dependency was inversely parabolic with the proportion of basal fertilizer application. When nitrogenous fertilizer was applied at a rate of 40.0%, the lowest nitrogen dependency on soil was 54.5% The harvest index and nitrogen requirement per 100 kg of grain all increased with the decrease of basal fertilizer. Under the condition that the target yield is suitable for the application of total nitrogen, the ratio of base nitrogen fertilizer is 40% ~ 50%, the tillering fertilizer is controlled by 20% ~ 30% and the ear fertilizer is 20% ~ 30%, which is beneficial to maintain a certain yield and Nitrogen utilization rate increased.