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为了比较玉米自交系主要农艺性状和产量的正反交杂优效应,以9份西南地区骨干玉米自交系组配的72份单交种为材料,采用随机区组试验,对自交系及其正反交杂种F1代主要农艺性状和产量进行比较研究。结果表明,正反交效应对不同玉米自交系杂种F1代主要农艺性状和产量的影响不同;T检测表明,大多数玉米自交系正反交杂种F1代主要农艺性状和产量差异不显著。玉米自交系海9-21、5003、478正反交杂种F1代在穗粗、百粒重、单穗粒重、穗下茎节强度及穗位高等性状上差异显著或极显著。由此得出,不同自交系正反交杂种F1代在主要农艺性状和产量上具有不同的杂种优势,其中穗位高/株高具有负向杂种优势。由于玉米穗位高/株高具有负向杂种优势,即杂种F1代穗位高/株高值较自交系有所降低,因此在自交系选育时,不宜对亲本材料过分追求低的穗位高/株高。
In order to compare the positive and negative hybrid effects of main agronomic traits and yield in maize inbred lines, 72 single crossbreds, which were maize inbred lines of southwest China, were used as materials. And the main agronomic traits and yield of its F1 hybrids were compared. The results showed that the reciprocal reciprocal cross-reciprocal effect had different effects on the main agronomic characters and yield of the F1 hybrids of different maize inbred lines. The T test showed that there was no significant difference in the main agronomic characters and yield between F1 progenies of most maize inbred lines. Maize inbred lines of the sea 9-21,5003,478 hybrid F1 progeny in the ear diameter, 100 kernel weight, grain weight per spike, ear under the node intensity and ear height traits significant difference or very significant. It was concluded that the F1 generation of F1 hybrids had different heterosis in main agronomic traits and yield, and that the ear height / plant height had negative heterosis. Because ear height / plant height had negative heterosis, that is, hybrid F1 had lower ear / height value than inbred lines, it is not advisable to over-pursue the parent materials when breeding inbred lines Ear height / plant height.