以色列地处中东地区东部,国土面积约2.78万平方公里,沙漠面积约占三分之二。全国降水量少且分布不均匀,全国一半以上的面积年降水不足180mm,除每年11月至来年3月为雨季外,其余7个月连续都是干旱季节,而年际降水变化幅度也高达25%～160%。水资源极其匮乏是以色列的一大特点,同时,连年干旱、无规律降雨、沙漠化及恶劣气候,促使以色列在水资源管理和新资源开发方面进行积极探索,积累了丰富的经验。然而,正是面对这些不利的自然条件,以色列人通过发展了 Israel is located in the eastern part of the Middle East, with an area of ​​about 27,800 square kilometers and desert area accounting for about two thirds. In the whole country, more than half of the area has less than 180mm of annual precipitation, with the exception of the rainy season from November to the next March, and the other seven consecutive months are the dry season, while the annual variation of precipitation is as high as 25 % ~ 160%. The extreme scarcity of water resources is a major feature of Israel. At the same time, successive years of drought, irregular rainfall, desertification and bad weather have prompted Israel to actively explore water resources management and new resources development and have accumulated rich experience. However, it was in the face of these unfavorable natural conditions that Israelis adopted the development