矿用汽车已成为深部露天矿采物料的重要运输方式。除矿区外,亦用于水利、电力等建设工程的土石方运输。从一定意义上讲,由于自身用途的特殊性,矿用自卸汽车的构造与普通的公路运输车辆(尤其是公路上行驶的工程自卸车)相比,不仅具有许多不同点,而且拥有更高的技术含量。由于要承载更大的载荷(25～200 t),所以,其悬架一般采用油气悬架,是目前最为复杂的一种;为了适应运输作业场地的狭隘性,在保证车辆最大承载质量的情况下,车体做得尽量短以降低转弯直径,因而外形上显得短而高大,驱动型式也基本采用4 x 2结构,当然,后来发展的铰接式矿用自卸车等则采用了3轴(6 x6)结构,是为了适应更加特殊的道路条件和场合;同样由于路面的凹凸不平,而普遍采用独立悬架,以改善车辆的行驶平顺性和驾乘舒适性。矿用自卸汽车,技术难度高,需求量不大(有估计2002年为300辆),所以国内生产厂家还不多(约有7家)。北京重汽与包头北方重汽,是国内较具实力的2个生产厂家,其产品在国内具有一定的代表性。本文仅选取这2家2002年新开发的25 t级矿用汽车进行比较,供读者和用户参考。 Mining vehicles have become an important form of underground mining mining material transport. In addition to mining area, but also for water conservancy, electricity and other construction projects earthwork transport. In a certain sense, due to the particularity of its own use, the construction of mining dump trucks not only has many differences but also has higher levels than conventional road transport vehicles (especially engineering dump trucks driving on the road) The technical content. Due to carrying a larger load (25 ~ 200 t), so the suspension is generally used oil and gas suspension, is currently the most complex one; In order to adapt to the narrow space of the transport operations, in ensuring the maximum load vehicle quality Under the body as short as possible to reduce the turning diameter, so the appearance is short and tall, the drive type is basically the 4 x 2 structure, of course, later development of articulated mining dump trucks and so the use of a 3-axis (6 x6) structure is to adapt to more special road conditions and occasions; the same as the uneven road surface, while the widespread use of independent suspension, to improve vehicle ride comfort and ride comfort. Mining dump trucks, high technical difficulty, the demand is not (with an estimated 300 in 2002), so not many domestic manufacturers (about 7). Beijing Heavy Duty Truck and Baotou North Heavy Duty Truck, is the more powerful two domestic manufacturers, their products in the country has a certain representation. This article selects only two of the newly developed 25 t mine in 2002 for comparison, for readers and users reference.