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高校章程制定权源于公民学术自由这一宪法性权利,各国通常采取“一校一法”或“综合立法”模式来保障章程制定权享有和行使的有机统一。我国高校章程制定应当运用两者优势,用前者重点示范,以后者全面推进。在国家层面上,修订和完善教育法律,厘定学术自由和大学自治的边界,为章程制定提供法律保障;在高校层面上,把国家宏观治理方略贯穿到学校微观治理机制中,建立校内最高治权机构以有效行使章程制定权。
The constitutional charter of colleges and universities originated from the constitutional rights of citizens’ academic freedom. All countries usually adopt the mode of “one school, one law” or “comprehensive legislation” to ensure the organic unity of enjoyment and exercise of charter power. China’s university charter should make use of the advantages of both, with the former focus on demonstration, the latter comprehensively promote. At the national level, the law of education is revised and perfected, the boundaries of academic freedom and university autonomy are determined, and legal protection is provided for the charter making. At the university level, the national macro-control strategy runs through the micro-governance mechanism of schools and the highest authority within the school Institutions to effectively exercise the statutory power.