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文章讨论了流域科学的概念、研究方法和基础建设.流域是自然界的基本单元,又具有陆地表层系统所有的复杂性,使得流域成为适合开展地球系统科学实践的绝佳单元.流域科学是流域尺度上的地球系统科学,它在过去20多年来快速发展起来,目标是理解和预测流域复杂系统的行为,同时服务于流域可持续发展.然而,流域科学面临认识复杂系统、实现尺度转换和模拟人-自然系统协同演进等困难,这些困难的核心是方法论的困难.本文重点讨论了流域科学的研究方法,包括自组织复杂系统方法、统计力学主导的升尺度方法、基于选择和进化原理的达尔文学说、强调人-自然协同演进的水经济和生态经济思路、以及非结构化问题综合集成方法.这些方法一起,正在搭起整体和还原方法之间的桥梁,构建起一个兼顾硬集成和软集成,既考虑自然系统又考虑人,并在实践上可操作的研究方法体系.这些方法将推进流域科学走向成熟,并为整个陆地表层系统科学方法论研究做出贡献.
The article discusses the concept, research methods and infrastructure of watershed science.Water basin is the basic unit of nature and has all the complexities of terrestrial surface system, making the basin an excellent unit suitable for carrying out the scientific practice of the earth system. Earth System Science, which has rapidly evolved over the past two decades with the goal of understanding and predicting the behavior of complex systems in the basin while serving the sustainable development of the basin, yet watershed science faces the challenge of understanding complex systems, implementing scale conversion and simulating human - Difficulties in the synergistic evolution of natural systems and other difficulties are the root of the difficulties of methodology.This paper focuses on the research methods of watershed science, including the methods of self-organizing complex systems, the statistic-led scale-up method, the Darwinian theory based on selection and evolutionary theory Emphasizing the water economy and eco-economic thinking of man-to-nature synergistic evolution and the integrated approach to unstructured issues, all of which, together, are bridging the gap between holistic and reductive approaches and building a system that combines hard- and soft-integration, Think of both natural systems and people, and work in practice The research methodology. These methods will promote watershed science to mature, and to contribute to scientific research methodologies throughout the land surface system.