论文部分内容阅读
在预防接种计划发展的全过程中,流行病学方法的运用都是重要的。薪疫苗获准之前,必须精心设计临床试验,确定其安全与效力。之后,为了阐明适宜的疫苗发送策略,需要对疾病进行流行病学评价。一旦疫苗投入常规使用,疫苗及预防接种计划都需继续评价;还应建立监测计划,以便发观疫苗安全与效力的变化,检测目标人群的覆盖率。任何重要改变,都应有专门研究进一步评价。疫苗获准之后,疫苗及预防接种计划的评价,在英国的疫苗政策形成中仍起重要作用。
The use of epidemiological methods is important throughout the development of vaccination programs. Before the pay vaccine is approved, clinical trials must be carefully designed to determine its safety and efficacy. Later, in order to elucidate the appropriate vaccine delivery strategy, an epidemiological evaluation of the disease is needed. Once the vaccine has been routinely used, the vaccination and vaccination programs will need to be reviewed. Monitoring programs should also be set up to allow for changes in the safety and efficacy of vaccines and the detection of target population coverage. Any major changes should be devoted to further evaluation. After the vaccine is approved, the evaluation of vaccines and vaccination programs still plays an important role in the formation of vaccine policies in the United Kingdom.