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“绿松石”一词,始见于清代文献。但考古资料表明,在新石器时代的墓葬中就发现有绿松石饰品。自此之后,历代不绝,绿松石成为古代中国人所熟知的一种宝石。然而宋代以前的汉文史料,对绿松石的称谓记载并不明晰。虽多有学者进行考辨,仍无法定论。现已知汉文文献中,能明确判定为绿松石的最早记载,是元人陶宗仪《南村辍耕录》中所记“甸子”。此外,宋元明文献中常见与“甸子”相近的称谓,如“靛石”“碧甸”“碧钿”“碧靛”等。这些名称是否亦指绿松石,诸家众说纷纭。以汉文文献和波斯阿拉伯文献为基础,结合现代考古发现和矿物学研究,可以对宋元明时期的绿松石称谓及产地给予考证,并对进口绿松石输入中国的路线提出新的看法。
“Turquoise ”, beginning in the Qing Dynasty literature. However, archaeological data indicate that turquoise jewelry was found in Neolithic tombs. Since then, turquoise has become a well-known gem in ancient China. However, before the Song Dynasty Chinese historical materials, turquoise title record is not clear. Although there are many scholars to test, still can not be conclusive. Now known Chinese literature, can be clearly identified as the earliest turquoise records, is the yuan Tao Zongyi “Nakamura cease cultivation recorded” in “Dianzi ”. In addition, Song and Ming dynasties commonly known appellation similar to “Dianzi ”, such as “indigo stone ” “Bardon ” “Biya ” “Bi indigo ” and so on. Whether these names also refer to turquoise, various people have different opinions. Based on the Chinese literature and the Persian Arabic literature, combined with modern archeological discoveries and mineralogical studies, we can verify turquoise appellations and origins of Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties and put forward new views on the importation of turquoise into China.