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近年来,学界开始反思单纯宏大叙事方式的弊端。而案例研究由于能很好地将宏观与微观有机结合,而成为学界越来越青睐的一种研究方法。但是案例研究的价值基础面临两个方面的冲击:在具体层面,来自某个单一案例研究的结论是否具有可推广性,即概推问题,成为其挥之不去的黑云;在哲学层面,近半个世纪以来对孔德实证主义的反思和批判,也动摇了案例研究的哲学基础。实际上,两个方面对案例研究的冲击,在于并没有认识到案例研究的真正价值所在。案例研究的真正价值并非在于一定要推导出放之四海而皆准的理论,而在于构建一个微型的叙事氛围,从而增强其论述的理论或论点的可信服性。从这个意义上而言,建构主义等语言哲学流派不是削弱了案例研究的价值,而是挖掘了其更新的价值。新的价值挖掘,也指明了案例研究的研究出路在于丰富其叙事氛围,从而增强其构建理论或观点的可信服性。
In recent years, academics began to reflect on the drawbacks of the simple grand narrative. However, the case study has become a research method that is increasingly favored by the academic community due to its excellent combination of macroscopic and microscopic. However, the value basis of case studies is confronted with two impacts: Whether or not the conclusion from a single case study can be generalized on a concrete level, that is to say, it is a lingering black cloud; at the philosophical level, In the past half century, Comte’s positivism’s reflection and criticism have shaken the philosophical foundation of case studies. In fact, the impact of the two aspects on case studies is that they do not recognize the true value of case studies. The true value of case studies does not lie in the necessity to deduce a universally applicable theory but in building a miniature narrative atmosphere that enhances the credibility of the theory or argument in which it is discussed. In this sense, constructivism and other schools of linguistic philosophy do not weaken the value of case studies, but excavate the value of their renewal. The new value mining also points out that the way out of the case study lies in enriching its narrative atmosphere and enhancing the credibility of its construction theory or viewpoint.